2003-2008Damien Sandras 2003—2004Matthias Redlich 2003—2004Christopher Warner2008Василий Фаронов (qvvx@yandex.ru) Ekiga Manual 3.0 2008-08-31 Damien Sandras Руководство Ekiga 2.0 2006-01-22 Damien Sandras

dsandras@seconix.com

Christopher Warner

zanee@kernelcode.com

Matthias Redlich

m-redlich@t-online.de

Damien Sandras Christopher Warner zanee Matthias Redlich This documentation is for version 3.00 of Ekiga. Ekiga is an application for voice over IP, IP telephony, and video conferencing, with support for many audio and video codecs. Ekiga Ekiga Ekiga

Ekiga — это свободное приложение для IP-телефонии, VoIP (Voice over IP — голос посредством IP) и видеоконференций. Оно работает на GNU/Linux и других Unix-подобных системах (например, BSD, OpenSolaris и Mac OS X). Оно было создано Дамьяном Сандрасом (Damien Sandras) и распространяется на условиях лицензии GNU GPL. Ekiga is able to use modern Voice over IP protocols like SIP and H.323. It supports all major features defined by those protocols like call hold, call transfer, call forwarding, ... It also supports instant messaging, and presence. It also has advanced support for NAT traversal. Ekiga supports the best free audio and video codecs, and has wideband support for a superior audio quality, together with echo cancellation.

SIP (от англ. Session Initiation Protocol — протокол инициации сеанса) — это протокол, разработанный рабочей группой MMUSIC IETF. Это предлагаемый стандарт для запуска, изменения и прерывания интерактивного пользовательского сеанса, который включает в себя мультимедийные элементы — видео, голос, мгновенные сообщения, онлайн-игры, виртуальную реальность. В ноябре 2000 года SIP был принят в качестве сигнального протокола 3GPP и постоянного элемента архитектуры IMS. SIP — это один из ведущих сигнальных протоколов для VoIP. H.323 был изначально создан, чтобы обеспечить механизм для передачи мультимедиа-приложений через локальные сети. Однако он быстро развился, дабы покрыть растущие запросы VoIP-сетей. Одна из сильных сторон H.323 заключается в том, что для него довольно рано стал доступен набор стандартов, определяющих не только базовую модель вызова, но также и вспомогательные службы, которые требуются для бизнес-коммуникаций. H.323 был первым VoIP-стандартом, принявшим RTP (стандарт IETF) для передачи аудио и видео через IP-сети. H.323 основан на протоколе ISDN Q.931 и приспособлен для межсетевых сценариев между IP и ISDN и между IP и QSIG. Модель вызова, подобная модели вызова ISDN, облегчает внедрение IP-телефонии в существующие сети PBX-систем, основанных на ISDN.

When starting Ekiga for the first time the configuration assistant will show automatically. The Configuration Assistant is a step-by-step questionnaire that will guide you through all the steps involved in creating the basic configuration you will need to operate Ekiga. You should go through all of these steps properly, otherwise the assistant will re-appear (when it has not been completed) or Ekiga will not function appropriately (if some of your answers were not correct). You may run the Configuration Assistant at any time from the Edit menu. Все настройки можно в любое время изменить в окне параметров.

Чтобы вы могли вызывать других пользователей, а они — вас, вам нужен SIP-адрес. Вы можете получить SIP-адрес на http://www.ekiga.net, как описано выше. С помощью SIP-адреса вас могут вызывать другие пользователи. Аналогично, вы можете использовать SIP-адреса ваших друзей или родственников, чтобы вызывать их. Например, по адресу sip:dsandras@ekiga.net вы можете вызвать автора Ekiga. Чтобы найти SIP-адреса других пользователей Ekiga, вы можете воспользоваться онлайновой адресной книгой Ekiga. Разумеется, можно вызывать и тех пользователей, которые используют какой-то другой провайдер вместо ekiga.net. На самом деле вы можете вызывать любого пользователя, использующего программу или аппаратуру SIP, и зарегистрированного у любого публичного SIP-провайдера. If you know the URI address of the party that you wish to call, you may enter that URI into the sip: input box at the top of the screen and press the Connect button; eg: sip:foo@ekiga.net and pressing the Connect button would call the user at that address. It is also possible to call contacts using the address book, the call history or the roster. You can add contacts you call frequently to your roster, and watch their presence information in order to know when they are available. Please refer to the appropriate section of the manual for full explanations. Ekiga also supports H.323 and as such can call any H.323 software or hardware. Please refer to the section related to URIs to learn more about the various types of URIs that can be used to call remote H.323 and SIP users.

Ekiga can be used with several Internet Telephony Service Providers. Those providers will allow calling real phones from your computer using Ekiga at interesting rates. We recommend you use the default Ekiga provider. You can get an account using the links in the configuration assistant as described above. With the default setup, you can simply use sip:3210444555 and select sip.diamondcard.us in the list to call the real phone number +3210444555, 32 is the country code, 10444555 is the number to call. You can also dial real phone numbers from the address book. If the phone number of the contact you want to call is stored in the address book, simply select Action -> Call [Ekiga Call Out] when the contact is highlighted. It will dial the phone number of the contact using the Ekiga Call Out account. Ekiga also supports connecting to H.323 and SIP PBX systems. If the PBX at your office supports those protocols, you will be able to call real phones and be called from real phones after having connected to the PBX. Please ask for the settings from your administrator.

Ekiga может принимать входящие звонки от обычных телефонов. Для этого нужно войти в учётную запись PC-to-Phone через меню Сервис, как описано выше, а также купить телефонный номер в выбранной вами стране. Ekiga будет звонить, когда на этот номер поступит телефонный звонок. Вы можете использовать любой провайдер H.323 или SIP, в том числе вашу собственную телефонную станцию на работе. Однако мы рекомендуем использовать встроенный провайдер.

Ekiga allows you to add the contacts you dial the most in the roster. It allows to call them or start a chat conversation with your friends without having to remember their URI. If supported by the service, Ekiga will display extended presence information about your friends. Ekiga.net supports publishing presence information for its users. Software PBX systems like Asterisk can report if a user is on the phone or not, and Ekiga will display that information in its roster. You can thus use Ekiga to monitor lines on your PBX. Ekiga is also able to detect other Ekiga users on the LAN using the Bonjour technology popularized by Apple (tm) and to display them in the roster. That supposes you have a local mDNSResponder daemon running on your computer. On Linux systems this service will usually be provided by Avahi. To add a contact to the roster, select Chat->Add Contact, and fill in the required fields. If the service managing the URI you entered for the contact is able to publish presence status, Ekiga will automatically display it. If you do not know the VoIP URI of a contact, you might try searching for him using the Ekiga.net online directory. To do so, select Chat -> Address Book, and start searching using the 'Search Filter' feature. You can organise your contacts in groups in the roster.

Ekiga allows you to look for contacts using various sources like the Novell Evolution address book, an LDAP directory or the Ekiga.net contact directory. You can use the result of your search to start a chat, call the contact, or simply add him to your roster if you have frequent calls with him. To start looking for contacts, select Chat -> Address Book in the menu. To your left there will be a list dialog showing the LDAP directories as well as a list of local Address Books. The defaults are the Ekiga white pages, and the personal address book from Novell Evolution. Support for more contact sources is possible. Ekiga is able to browse any LDAP directory and use any attribute as the calling URI. For example, you could have an LDAP directory in your company, with a specific attribute containing the local extensions of all your colleagues. Ekiga is able to use such an LDAP directory. Simply select in Address Book -> Add an LDAP Address Book, and fill in the required details. You can then right-click on the contact and call him using the call attribute as VoIP URI. The LDAP Address Book supports a range of settings to allow it to work with any LDAPv3 directory. It allows you to choose the attribute to use for displaying a contact's name in the address book as well as a list of attributes for callng info. E.g., if the directory uses the LDAP inetOrgPerson schema you can configure the Address Book to retrieve the homePhone, mobile, and pager attributes make those values available for calling or messaging. You can also customize a Filter Template for the default LDAP search filter, and override the default filter at any time if you need to perform a more specialized search. The browser also supports all security options for LDAP including ldaps:// (LDAP over SSL), StartTLS, and SASL authentication. To refresh the list of users for a specific address book, simply click the Find button. It will search for all users in that address book. You can contact people by double clicking on their highlighted field. You can also message them by right-clicking or by choosing the appropriate action in the Action menu of the window. In certain cases you will want to search specifically for a person name, or his or her call URI in the Ekiga white pages. The address book window allows you to apply filters when searching for contacts. When searching an LDAP directory, entering a simple name in the Search Filter field will perform an LDAP Substring search using the configured Filter Template. If you need to perform a more specialized search you can enter a complete LDAP Filter string, and it will be used instead of the configured Filter Template. The Ekiga white pages will allow you to look for users in your region. It returns a limited number of results corresponding to your search. You can then add them to your personal roster to call them later.

Local address books provided by Novell Evolution allow you to add new contacts, or to edit existing contacts. Each different address book allows a different set of features depending on what makes sense for the address book in question. To discover what features are possible, simply select the address book and consult the Action menu. To add a contact to one of your local address books, simply select the address book you wish to add the contact to and select Action -> New Contact. The option of adding a New Contact will appear and you may now enter his name and VoIP URI as well as other settings. After complete select 'OK' and now your contact has been added. You can only add contacts to local address books. The contact parameters can be changed at any time by selecting Action -> Properties when the contact is highlighted. He can also be deleted by selecting Action -> Remove. You can also add a contact from the white pages (or any other local or remote address book) to the roster by selecting Action -> Add to local roster when the contact is highlighted. Finally, you can edit the groups your users belong to using the Action -> Properties dialog when the contact is highlighted.

Ekiga allows you to send instant messages to remote users provided that you know their URI. You can send instant messages from the roster, from the call history or from the address book. From the roster or from the call history, simply select Contact -> Message in the main window when a contact is highlighted. From the address book window, simply select Action -> Message when the contact is highlighted. A window pops up, enter your text message, and hit the Enter key. You can not exchange text messages with all protocols. Ekiga will only display the Message menu item when the protocol associated with the user permits it.

Ekiga allows you to publish your status to other users. There are three categories of status messages : online, away and do not disturb. Each of them allows you to specify a more complete status information. Simply select Custom message in the status menu at the bottom of the main window. You can then define your extended status message that will be published using all available protocols supporting it. Many servers will not support relaying your extended presence information. To make sure that this feature is available with the server you are using or with the PBX you are connected to, please ask your administrator. Please note that Ekiga.net will publish your presence information.

Ekiga supports different policies for unanswered incoming calls. Per default it displays a popup window which allows you to decide whether you want to refuse or accept the request for an incoming call. If you do not answer the call in the required time, or if you are busy, or if you do not want to receive any call, Ekiga can forward the call to another party. Notice that you need to specify an URI where to forward calls in the preferences to be able to activate that option. Open the preferences window by choosing Edit -> Preferences in the main window and select Call Options on the left. You will now see the appropriate section. It contains three checkboxes for the three cases described above. The URI of the party the calls shall be forwarded to can be configured separately in SIP Settings for SIP and accordingly in H.323 Settings for H.323.

Ekiga позволяет выполнять несколько действий во время вызова. С помощью этих действий вы можете управлять активными сеансами. Ending a call: The communication to the remote user can be ended by selecting Chat -> Hang up. Holding a call: You can hold a remote party call by selecting Chat -> Hold Call. This effectively pauses Video and Audio transmission; to continue transmission again you select Chat -> Retrieve Call and Video and Audio Transmission will begin again. Suspend Audio: This effectively prevents all Audio communication to your respective party when selecting Chat -> Suspend Audio. Suspend Video: This effectively prevents all Video transmission to your respective party when selecting Chat -> Suspend Video. Transferring the remote party: You can transfer the remote user to another user by selecting Chat -> Transfer Call. It is also possible to transfer an active call by right-clicking and choosing the transfer action when a contact is highlighted in the roster, in the address book or in the call history. Double-clicking or selecting the Contact menu in the main window or the Action menu in the Address Book window and choosing the transfer action will also work. All URIs supported by Ekiga can be used for call transfer if the protocol supports it.

Your audio and video settings can be adjusted through the call panel while you are in a call. If you want to change the audio or video settings during a call, simply show the Call Panel by select View -> Show Call Panel in the menu. The audio volume, but also the brightness, whiteness, color and contrast of your video input device can be changed to achieve the best quality. You can also change your audio and video devices during a call. Simply go in the preferences window by selecting Edit -> Preferences in the menu, and adjust your devices in the appropriate section.

The Call History stores information (date, duration, URI, Remote user) about all outgoing and incoming calls. They are divided into three groups - received calls, placed calls and missed calls. You can consult the call history by selecting View -> Call History in the menu. История принятых вызовов содержит все входящие вызовы, которые были приняты Ekiga. Placed calls keeps track of all attempts - successful or not - to call another user. Missed calls shows incoming calls which timed out. Double-clicking on a row in the Calls History will call back the selected user or transfer any active call to that user. Notice that you can also add the contact to your roster by selecting Chat -> Contact -> Add to local roster in the main menu when the call is highlighted.

You can open the accounts window by selecting Edit -> Accounts. This will open the Accounts Window. The Accounts Window will allow you to add Ekiga.net, Ekiga Call Out, SIP and H.323 accounts and to register to them. An account describes the user login and password parameters to register to SIP and H.323 services. Those services can be an Internet Telephony Service provider (like ekiga.net), or an IPBX (like CISCO, Nortel, or Asterisk).

To add an Ekiga.net account, simply select Account -> Add an Ekiga.net Account in the menu. A dialog will appear and allow you to enter several parameters: Пользователь: Введите свой логин. Password: You can enter your password. Ekiga.net is a free SIP services platform provided to Ekiga users. If you want to call other users and to be callable, you need a SIP address. You can get one from http://www.ekiga.net. Ekiga.net also offers additional services like conference rooms, voice mail and online white pages. Please see http://www.ekiga.net for more information.

To add an Ekiga Call Out account, simply select Account -> Add an Ekiga Call Out Account in the menu. A dialog will appear and allow you to enter several parameters: Account ID: You can enter your account ID. PIN Code: You can enter your PIN code. If you do not have an Ekiga Call Out account yet, you can subscribe for one using the 'Get an Ekiga.net Call Out account' link in the dialog. As described above, this service will allow you to call normal phones worldwide at interesting rates. Once the account has been added, you can recharge it, consult the balance history or the call history by selecting the appropriate menu item in the Account menu of the window when the account is highlighted.

To add a SIP account, simply select Account -> Add a SIP Account in the menu. A dialog will appear and allow you to enter several parameters: Name: You can enter the account name. Регистратор: Регистратор учётной записи. Обычно это IP-адрес или имя узла, которые предоставляются вашим провайдером услуг телефонии, или вашим системным администратором (если вы пытаетесь зарегистрироваться на местной телефонной станции SIP). Пользователь: Введите свой логин. Authentication User: If it is different from the user parameter you provided above. In that case, the user field will be used to control the outgoing identity for the account you are adding, while the login will be used during the authentication phase. Password: You can enter your password. Timeout: The timeout after which the registration should be refreshed.

To add an H.323 account, simply select Account -> Add an H.323 Account in the menu. A dialog will appear and allow you to enter several parameters: Name: You can enter the account name. Gatekeeper: The gatekeeper to which you want to register. This is usually an IP address or a host name that will be given to you by your Internet Telephony Service Provider, or by your administrator if you are trying to register to an H.323 IPBX. Пользователь: Введите свой логин. Authentication User: If it is different from the user parameter you provided above. In that case, the user field will be used to control the outgoing identity for the account you are adding, while the login will be used during the authentication phase. Password: You can enter your password. Таймаут регистрации: Время, по истечении которого регистрация должна быть обновлена.

SIP URIs are formatted as such "sip:user@[host[:port]]" Это позволяет вам вызывать нужного пользователя или расширение на указанном прокси-сервере SIP: sip:mikhail@ekiga.net

H.323 URIs are formatted as such "h323:[user@][host[:port]]" Это позволяет вам: вызвать узел на порту, отличном от стандартного 1720: h323:seconix.com:1740 вызвать пользователя по его псевдониму, если он зарегистрирован на узле gatekeeper: h323:mikhail Call a given phone number if you are registered to a gatekeeper for a PC-To-Phone provider, or if that user has an ENUM record associated to an H.323 URI: h323:003210111222 вызвать пользователя по его учётной записи через определённый шлюз или прокси-сервер: h323:mikhail@gateway.seconix.com вызвать узел конференций и войти в определённую комнату: h323:myfriendsroom@mcu.seconix.com

Ekiga uses a best-effort algorithm to maintain a low bandwidth when transmitting video. You can adjust the video quality settings depending on whether you prefer to have a good frame rate, or a good picture quality. It will permit Ekiga to dynamically adjust the video bandwidth and the number of transmitted images per second during a call while trying to respect the requested video bandwidth. Notice that the algorithm is a best-effort algorithm, which means that if your video bandwidth settings are too low, it can be impossible to respect them. However, if the video bandwidth permits to transmit with a better quality, or faster than the requested values, then Ekiga will dynamically increase them so that the quality and the framerate are always the best possible. Choosing a higher framerate and a lower quality will have the same result in terms of video bandwidth as choosing a higher quality with a lower framerate. The choice depends on if you prefer using your bandwidth to transmit more lower quality images or fewer high quality images.

Ekiga can connect to PBX systems supporting the SIP protocol. In that case, it is able to indicate if the line associated with a user is in use or not. Please refer to the documentation of your PBX to enable that feature. To enable that feature on Ekiga, simply add the contact with his URI in the roster. If the server supports publishing presence information, Ekiga will automatically publish your own presence information and display the presence of contacts in your roster.

The Ekiga audio codecs table in the preferences permits you to change the codec order as well as disabling the codecs you don't want to use. Each codec has strong and weak points. For example, G.711 will give the best voice quality but will use the most bandwidth while SPEEX will give an average voice quality but requiring a very low bandwidth usage. Notice that there are two versions of SPEEX; one of them is SPEEX WideBand, which has a 16 kHz clock rate.

The Ekiga video codecs table in the preferences permits you to change the codec order as well as disabling the codecs you don't want to use. Ekiga supports codecs like H.261, H.263+, H.264, MPEG-4 or Theora.

When you reorder the codecs, you are reordering the local capabilities table, ie the codecs you will use for sending. You will always transmit audio and video using the first codec in the corresponding table that is in common with the remote user. The remote user will transmit audio and video using the first codec in his table that is common with you.

You can force the use of a specific codec by disabling all other codecs, but it will result in failed calls if the remote user doesn't support that specific codec. The best approach is to put your preferred codecs at the top of the list so that you always transmit with them if the remote user allows it and to disable the codecs that you don't want to use for transmission and reception.

You can adjust the delay to wait before playing the sound buffers that you have received using the jitter buffer adjustment. If there is too much packet loss, the delay required to have received all packets could be so important that it will exceed the jitter buffer. In such a case, the sound you are receiving will be of bad quality. A solution to that problem would be to increase the maximum limit of the jitter buffer to a few seconds, resulting in a big delay but in an improved voice quality. Notice that the jitter buffer will readapt itself to the lowest delay allowing for optimum transmission, and that a bad voice quality in reception is not due to a too low jitter buffer value, but to bad internet connection quality.

The main port used to listen for incoming connections in Ekiga for SIP is port 5060 (UDP), while 1720 (TCP) is used by H.323. To change those ports you need to load "gconf-editor". Open gconf-editor, select apps from the left hand side menu and then select Ekiga, Protocols. Then select "sip" or "h323", it should give you a list in the corresponding window to your right. Select listen_port and change it to your desired value. You can also change the UDP/RTP port ranges.

1. The "listen_port" value is the port Ekiga will use to listen for incoming connections. It is different for SIP and H.323. 2. The "udp_port_range" value is the range of UDP ports that Ekiga will use for SIP signalling or when registering to H.323 gatekeepers. It is also used for RTP (audio and video communication channels). 3. The "tcp_port_range" value is the range of TCP ports beside the listen_port that Ekiga will use for the H.245 channel with the H.323 protocol. That port range is not used by SIP. It is also not used when H.245 Tunneling is enabled, which is generally the case, except when calling old H.323 implementations like Netmeeting.

Исходящий прокси-сервер The outbound proxy is the SIP proxy that will relay your calls. The behavior of a SIP proxy is similar to the behavior of an HTTP proxy, i.e. some entity that issues the requests on your behalf and proxies the streams. Forward URI The URI to which SIP incoming calls should be forwarded if configured in the preferences.

Forward URI The URI to which H.323 incoming calls should be forwarded if configured in the preferences.

Ekiga позволяет тонко настраивать параметры H.323 в разделе дополнительных параметров H.323. Вы можете включить туннелирование H.245, ранний H.245 и быстрый старт. Туннелирование H.245 Туннелирование H.245 — это инкапсуляция сообщений H.245 внутри сообщений H.225/Q.931. Если у вас есть сетевой экран, то при включённом туннелировании H.245 вам потребуется открыть для входящих соединений на один TCP-порт меньше. Ранний H.245 This enables H.245 early in the setup and permits achieving faster call initiation. Быстрый старт Быстрый старт — это новый способ установки вызовов, который пропускает некоторые обычные этапы, чтобы ускорить процесс. Помимо повышения скорости, быстрый старт позволяет медиа-каналам перейти в режим готовности до отправки сообщения CONNECT, что требуется для некоторых процедур тарификации. Этот режим появился в H.323 версии 2.

Приложение Ekiga было создано Дамьяном Сандрасом (Damien Sandras, dsandras@seconix.com). Чтобы узнать больше о Ekiga, посетите веб-сайт Ekiga. To report a bug or make a suggestion regarding this application or this manual, follow the directions in this document. Эта программа распространяется на условиях лицензии GNU General Public License, выпущенной фондом Free Software Foundation; либо версии 2 этой лицензии, либо (по вашему выбору) любой более поздней версии. Копию лицензии можно найти по этой ссылке или в файле COPYING, прилагаемом к исходному коду программы.

Телефонные станции (IPBX) Asterisk PBX: http://asterisk.org SIP SIP Express Router: http://www.iptel.org/ser H.323 OpenH323 Gatekeeper: http://www.openh323.org GNU Gatekeeper: http://www.gnugk.org OpenH323 Proxy: http://openh323.sourceforge.net H323 - ISDN Gateway: http://www.telos.de/linux/H323/ Программное обеспечение для конференций и VoIP OpenMCU: http://www.openh323.org Похожие клиенты XTen: http://www.xten.com SJPhone: http://www.sjlabs.com/ OpenPhone: http://www.openh323.org Netmeeting: http://www.microsoft.com